With the Pope’s passing at age 88, attention now turns to a centuries-old question: who gets to choose the next leader of the Catholic Church?
It’s a unique blend of tradition, religious ritual, and yes — a bit of politics.
Technically, any Catholic man can become Pope. But since the 14th century, the responsibility of selecting a new pontiff has fallen to the College of Cardinals.
Not all cardinals get a say, though — only those under the age of 80 can vote. They’re known as cardinal electors.
The election process, known as a papal conclave, typically begins 15 to 20 days after the papacy becomes vacant.
How does the voting work?
A two-thirds majority is required to elect a new Pope. Each cardinal writes down the name of their chosen candidate — and no, they can’t vote for themselves.
Up to four rounds of voting can take place each day: two in the morning, two in the afternoon. This process can last days, weeks — even months.
The longest conclave in history dragged on for nearly three years, before Pope Gregory X was elected in 1271.
After each round, ballots are burned. If no decision is made, black smoke rises from the Sistine Chapel chimney — thanks to a special chemical added to the fire.
But once a Pope is chosen, white smoke signals to the world: a new leader has been elected.
If no consensus is reached after four days, the cardinals pause for prayer and reflection before resuming the vote.
Eyes on Africa
This time, global attention is focused on Africa. A Ghanaian cardinal is among the frontrunners — and could become the first African Pope in over 1,500 years.
Once a decision is made, the most senior cardinal steps onto the balcony of St. Peter’s Basilica to announce those famous words:
“Habemus Papam” — “We have a pope.”
And just like that, the world is introduced to the next leader of the Catholic Church.
